This is the version 5d6c921e08007bb00414da3f from 2019-09-02 03:53:02 comment: 'stuff...'
Geology ed
free textbook at https://opengeology.org/textbook/
Minerals ed
- composition
- felsic: (feldspar, high Si) low density, lower melting temp, brighter, closer to the surface
- intermediate
- mafic: lower Si, more Mg, Fe,.... mantle, pyroxene, olivene
- ultramafic:
- igneous
- extrusive: quickly to the surface, fine grained
- intrusive/plutonic: cooling slowly below surface, coarse grained
- texture
- phaneritic: large grains, intrusive
- aphanitic: very fine grained, glass like
- pegmatitic: very large grains/crystals
- porphyritic: fine grained with large chunks (phenocrysts), multistage cooling
- vesicular: bubbles from dissolved volatiles
- pumice: extreme vesicular, floats on water
- examples
- olivine: (Fe,Mg)_2 Si O_4, making most of the mantle, ultramafic
- basalt: mafic, extrusive, ocean ridge
- granite: felsic, intrusive
- rhyoliye: felsic, extrusive, pinkish, quartz phenocrysts
- obsidian: felsic, aphanitic
Volcanoes ed
Categories: sonstiges